Genetic mutation discovered in rare Italian bears – and it could help save them

The Apennine brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus) is a critically endangered subspecies of brown bear found mainly in the Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park in central Italy.

This distinct population of bear – also known as the Marsican brown bear – has been isolated for centuries, and as a result has evolved unique physical characteristics and behaviours that sets it apart from other brown bears. 

Habitat loss, human activity and genetic weaknesses now mean there are only around 50 left in the wild, putting them at serious risk of extinction.

Now, a new study by the Italian Endemixit project has uncovered a potentially critical genetic flaw that could be contributing to their low survival rates – the research could also provide insights to help boost conservation efforts in the future.

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A faulty 'battery' in bear cells

Using advanced computer modelling and laboratory experiments, the researchers discovered a mutation in the bears’ mitochondria, which are like tiny power plants inside cells that produce energy. This defect reduces the bears’ ability to generate energy and causes a build-up of harmful byproducts.

"This mutation appears to significantly impact these bears," explains Nunzio Perta, a scientist from Marche Polytechnic University in Italy.

"It's like they're constantly running on low batteries. This could make it harder for them to survive, especially in a challenging environment."

What's next?

Scientists are now looking for ways to help the bears cope with this problem. One idea is to introduce more natural foods rich in antioxidants – such as berries – into their habitat. Antioxidants can help counteract the harmful effects of the faulty mitochondria.

"By understanding the molecular basis of these genetic problems, we hope to create a plan to protect these bears in their natural environment,” says Perta.

"The bears are a crucial part of the very unique ecosystem that we have here in Italy.”

Main image: Apennine brown bear, or Marsican brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus)/Getty

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